Despite following the best practices, tree grafts can sometimes fail. The reasons for graft failure can vary from tree to tree and the technique used. Understanding the reasons why tree grafts fail can help gardeners and arborists improve their techniques and increase their chances of success. In this article, we will discuss the top 10 reasons why tree grafts fail and provide tips on how to avoid them.
Top 10 Reasons Why Tree Grafts Fail:
Here are the top 10 reasons why tree grafts fail and tips on how to avoid them.
- Rootstock and scion wood incompatibility: One of the most common reasons for graft failure is the use of incompatible rootstock and scion wood. It is important to select materials from the same genus family to ensure successful grafting. For instance, if you want to graft a peach tree, make sure the rootstock and scion wood are both from the Prunus genus. Check out our fruit library for fruit compatibility to ensure a successful graft.
- Improper connection of cambium layers: The cambium layer is the thin layer of tissue between the bark and wood of a tree. It is responsible for the transport of water and nutrients between the roots and the leaves. If the cambium layers of the rootstock and scion wood are not connected properly during grafting, the graft may not take. Take care to align the cambium layers of the rootstock and scion wood accurately for successful grafting.
- Grafting scions upside down: It’s a common mistake for beginners to graft scions upside down, resulting in graft failure. Make sure to pay attention to the orientation of the scion and rootstock during grafting to avoid this mistake.
- Wrong timing of grafting: Timing is key when it comes to grafting. Grafting at the wrong time of the year can lead to graft failure. Make sure to graft when the tree is dormant, usually in late winter or early spring.
- Contamination of scion wood: Oils from your fingers can contaminate the cambium layer of the scion wood, leading to graft failure. Always handle the scion wood with clean hands or gloves.
- Improper protection from temperature: During the healing process, the graft needs to be protected from extreme temperatures. Heat is the primary culprit, so make sure to keep the graft indoors or in the shade during the healing process. Proper wrapping and protection from cold or heat is essential to prevent graft failure.
- Grafting during scion growth: Grafting during active scion growth can lead to graft failure. Always graft during the dormant period of the tree to ensure a successful graft.
- Displacement of scion: The scion can be displaced by animals, insects, disease, weather, or incidental touching, which can cause graft failure. Keep an eye on the graft site and take measures to protect it from potential disturbances.
- Incorrect temperature: The temperature plays a critical role in grafting. If the temperature is too cold, the callus formation will be slow, while if it’s too hot, the scion wood may lose moisture, leading to graft failure. Make sure to graft in the optimal temperature range for successful grafting.
- Suffocation of graft: Leaving the grafting tape on for too long can suffocate the graft, leading to graft failure. It’s essential to remove the grafting tape at the right time to allow the graft to breathe and grow.
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding the reasons for graft failure is crucial for gardeners and arborists who wish to increase their success rate when propagating new trees. By following the best practices and taking necessary precautions, such as proper selection of scions, use of healthy rootstocks, and avoidance of common mistakes, the success rate of tree grafts can be significantly improved. However, it is important to keep in mind that grafting is not an exact science, and failure can still occur even with the best techniques. With patience, practice, and attention to detail, the success rate of tree grafts can be greatly increased, resulting in beautiful, healthy trees for years to come.